1: <?php
   2: /**
   3:  * CakePHP(tm) : Rapid Development Framework (http://cakephp.org)
   4:  * Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
   5:  *
   6:  * Licensed under The MIT License
   7:  * For full copyright and license information, please see the LICENSE.txt
   8:  * Redistributions of files must retain the above copyright notice.
   9:  *
  10:  * @copyright     Copyright (c) Cake Software Foundation, Inc. (http://cakefoundation.org)
  11:  * @link          http://cakephp.org CakePHP(tm) Project
  12:  * @package       Cake.Model.Datasource.Database
  13:  * @since         CakePHP(tm) v 0.9.1.114
  14:  * @license       http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php MIT License
  15:  */
  16: 
  17: App::uses('DboSource', 'Model/Datasource');
  18: 
  19: /**
  20:  * PostgreSQL layer for DBO.
  21:  *
  22:  * @package       Cake.Model.Datasource.Database
  23:  */
  24: class Postgres extends DboSource {
  25: 
  26: /**
  27:  * Driver description
  28:  *
  29:  * @var string
  30:  */
  31:     public $description = "PostgreSQL DBO Driver";
  32: 
  33: /**
  34:  * Base driver configuration settings. Merged with user settings.
  35:  *
  36:  * @var array
  37:  */
  38:     protected $_baseConfig = array(
  39:         'persistent' => true,
  40:         'host' => 'localhost',
  41:         'login' => 'root',
  42:         'password' => '',
  43:         'database' => 'cake',
  44:         'schema' => 'public',
  45:         'port' => 5432,
  46:         'encoding' => '',
  47:         'sslmode' => 'allow',
  48:         'flags' => array()
  49:     );
  50: 
  51: /**
  52:  * Columns
  53:  *
  54:  * @var array
  55:  */
  56:     public $columns = array(
  57:         'primary_key' => array('name' => 'serial NOT NULL'),
  58:         'string' => array('name' => 'varchar', 'limit' => '255'),
  59:         'text' => array('name' => 'text'),
  60:         'integer' => array('name' => 'integer', 'formatter' => 'intval'),
  61:         'biginteger' => array('name' => 'bigint', 'limit' => '20'),
  62:         'float' => array('name' => 'float', 'formatter' => 'floatval'),
  63:         'decimal' => array('name' => 'decimal', 'formatter' => 'floatval'),
  64:         'datetime' => array('name' => 'timestamp', 'format' => 'Y-m-d H:i:s', 'formatter' => 'date'),
  65:         'timestamp' => array('name' => 'timestamp', 'format' => 'Y-m-d H:i:s', 'formatter' => 'date'),
  66:         'time' => array('name' => 'time', 'format' => 'H:i:s', 'formatter' => 'date'),
  67:         'date' => array('name' => 'date', 'format' => 'Y-m-d', 'formatter' => 'date'),
  68:         'binary' => array('name' => 'bytea'),
  69:         'boolean' => array('name' => 'boolean'),
  70:         'number' => array('name' => 'numeric'),
  71:         'inet' => array('name' => 'inet'),
  72:         'uuid' => array('name' => 'uuid')
  73:     );
  74: 
  75: /**
  76:  * Starting Quote
  77:  *
  78:  * @var string
  79:  */
  80:     public $startQuote = '"';
  81: 
  82: /**
  83:  * Ending Quote
  84:  *
  85:  * @var string
  86:  */
  87:     public $endQuote = '"';
  88: 
  89: /**
  90:  * Contains mappings of custom auto-increment sequences, if a table uses a sequence name
  91:  * other than what is dictated by convention.
  92:  *
  93:  * @var array
  94:  */
  95:     protected $_sequenceMap = array();
  96: 
  97: /**
  98:  * The set of valid SQL operations usable in a WHERE statement
  99:  *
 100:  * @var array
 101:  */
 102:     protected $_sqlOps = array('like', 'ilike', 'or', 'not', 'in', 'between', '~', '~\*', '\!~', '\!~\*', 'similar to');
 103: 
 104: /**
 105:  * Connects to the database using options in the given configuration array.
 106:  *
 107:  * @return bool True if successfully connected.
 108:  * @throws MissingConnectionException
 109:  */
 110:     public function connect() {
 111:         $config = $this->config;
 112:         $this->connected = false;
 113: 
 114:         $flags = $config['flags'] + array(
 115:             PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => $config['persistent'],
 116:             PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
 117:         );
 118: 
 119:         try {
 120:             $this->_connection = new PDO(
 121:                 "pgsql:host={$config['host']};port={$config['port']};dbname={$config['database']};sslmode={$config['sslmode']}",
 122:                 $config['login'],
 123:                 $config['password'],
 124:                 $flags
 125:             );
 126: 
 127:             $this->connected = true;
 128:             if (!empty($config['encoding'])) {
 129:                 $this->setEncoding($config['encoding']);
 130:             }
 131:             if (!empty($config['schema'])) {
 132:                 $this->_execute('SET search_path TO "' . $config['schema'] . '"');
 133:             }
 134:             if (!empty($config['settings'])) {
 135:                 foreach ($config['settings'] as $key => $value) {
 136:                     $this->_execute("SET $key TO $value");
 137:                 }
 138:             }
 139:         } catch (PDOException $e) {
 140:             throw new MissingConnectionException(array(
 141:                 'class' => get_class($this),
 142:                 'message' => $e->getMessage()
 143:             ));
 144:         }
 145: 
 146:         return $this->connected;
 147:     }
 148: 
 149: /**
 150:  * Check if PostgreSQL is enabled/loaded
 151:  *
 152:  * @return bool
 153:  */
 154:     public function enabled() {
 155:         return in_array('pgsql', PDO::getAvailableDrivers());
 156:     }
 157: 
 158: /**
 159:  * Returns an array of tables in the database. If there are no tables, an error is raised and the application exits.
 160:  *
 161:  * @param mixed $data The sources to list.
 162:  * @return array Array of table names in the database
 163:  */
 164:     public function listSources($data = null) {
 165:         $cache = parent::listSources();
 166: 
 167:         if ($cache) {
 168:             return $cache;
 169:         }
 170: 
 171:         $schema = $this->config['schema'];
 172:         $sql = "SELECT table_name as name FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables WHERE table_schema = ?";
 173:         $result = $this->_execute($sql, array($schema));
 174: 
 175:         if (!$result) {
 176:             return array();
 177:         }
 178: 
 179:         $tables = array();
 180: 
 181:         foreach ($result as $item) {
 182:             $tables[] = $item->name;
 183:         }
 184: 
 185:         $result->closeCursor();
 186:         parent::listSources($tables);
 187:         return $tables;
 188:     }
 189: 
 190: /**
 191:  * Returns an array of the fields in given table name.
 192:  *
 193:  * @param Model|string $model Name of database table to inspect
 194:  * @return array Fields in table. Keys are name and type
 195:  */
 196:     public function describe($model) {
 197:         $table = $this->fullTableName($model, false, false);
 198:         $fields = parent::describe($table);
 199:         $this->_sequenceMap[$table] = array();
 200:         $cols = null;
 201:         $hasPrimary = false;
 202: 
 203:         if ($fields === null) {
 204:             $cols = $this->_execute(
 205:                 'SELECT DISTINCT table_schema AS schema,
 206:                     column_name AS name,
 207:                     data_type AS type,
 208:                     is_nullable AS null,
 209:                     column_default AS default,
 210:                     ordinal_position AS position,
 211:                     character_maximum_length AS char_length,
 212:                     character_octet_length AS oct_length,
 213:                     pg_get_serial_sequence(attr.attrelid::regclass::text, attr.attname) IS NOT NULL AS has_serial
 214:                 FROM information_schema.columns c
 215:                 INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace ns ON (ns.nspname = table_schema)
 216:                 INNER JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class cl ON (cl.relnamespace = ns.oid AND cl.relname = table_name)
 217:                 LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_attribute attr ON (cl.oid = attr.attrelid AND column_name = attr.attname)
 218:                 WHERE table_name = ? AND table_schema = ? AND table_catalog = ?
 219:                 ORDER BY ordinal_position',
 220:                 array($table, $this->config['schema'], $this->config['database'])
 221:             );
 222: 
 223:             // @codingStandardsIgnoreStart
 224:             // Postgres columns don't match the coding standards.
 225:             foreach ($cols as $c) {
 226:                 $type = $c->type;
 227:                 if (!empty($c->oct_length) && $c->char_length === null) {
 228:                     if ($c->type === 'character varying') {
 229:                         $length = null;
 230:                         $type = 'text';
 231:                     } elseif ($c->type === 'uuid') {
 232:                         $type = 'uuid';
 233:                         $length = 36;
 234:                     } else {
 235:                         $length = (int)$c->oct_length;
 236:                     }
 237:                 } elseif (!empty($c->char_length)) {
 238:                     $length = (int)$c->char_length;
 239:                 } else {
 240:                     $length = $this->length($c->type);
 241:                 }
 242:                 if (empty($length)) {
 243:                     $length = null;
 244:                 }
 245:                 $fields[$c->name] = array(
 246:                     'type' => $this->column($type),
 247:                     'null' => ($c->null === 'NO' ? false : true),
 248:                     'default' => preg_replace(
 249:                         "/^'(.*)'$/",
 250:                         "$1",
 251:                         preg_replace('/::.*/', '', $c->default)
 252:                     ),
 253:                     'length' => $length,
 254:                 );
 255: 
 256:                 // Serial columns are primary integer keys
 257:                 if ($c->has_serial) {
 258:                     $fields[$c->name]['key'] = 'primary';
 259:                     $fields[$c->name]['length'] = 11;
 260:                     $hasPrimary = true;
 261:                 }
 262:                 if ($hasPrimary === false &&
 263:                     $model instanceof Model &&
 264:                     $c->name === $model->primaryKey
 265:                 ) {
 266:                     $fields[$c->name]['key'] = 'primary';
 267:                     if (
 268:                         $fields[$c->name]['type'] !== 'string' &&
 269:                         $fields[$c->name]['type'] !== 'uuid'
 270:                     ) {
 271:                         $fields[$c->name]['length'] = 11;
 272:                     }
 273:                 }
 274:                 if (
 275:                     $fields[$c->name]['default'] === 'NULL' ||
 276:                     $c->default === null ||
 277:                     preg_match('/nextval\([\'"]?([\w.]+)/', $c->default, $seq)
 278:                 ) {
 279:                     $fields[$c->name]['default'] = null;
 280:                     if (!empty($seq) && isset($seq[1])) {
 281:                         if (strpos($seq[1], '.') === false) {
 282:                             $sequenceName = $c->schema . '.' . $seq[1];
 283:                         } else {
 284:                             $sequenceName = $seq[1];
 285:                         }
 286:                         $this->_sequenceMap[$table][$c->name] = $sequenceName;
 287:                     }
 288:                 }
 289:                 if ($fields[$c->name]['type'] === 'timestamp' && $fields[$c->name]['default'] === '') {
 290:                     $fields[$c->name]['default'] = null;
 291:                 }
 292:                 if ($fields[$c->name]['type'] === 'boolean' && !empty($fields[$c->name]['default'])) {
 293:                     $fields[$c->name]['default'] = constant($fields[$c->name]['default']);
 294:                 }
 295:             }
 296:             $this->_cacheDescription($table, $fields);
 297:         }
 298:         // @codingStandardsIgnoreEnd
 299: 
 300:         if (isset($model->sequence)) {
 301:             $this->_sequenceMap[$table][$model->primaryKey] = $model->sequence;
 302:         }
 303: 
 304:         if ($cols) {
 305:             $cols->closeCursor();
 306:         }
 307:         return $fields;
 308:     }
 309: 
 310: /**
 311:  * Returns the ID generated from the previous INSERT operation.
 312:  *
 313:  * @param string $source Name of the database table
 314:  * @param string $field Name of the ID database field. Defaults to "id"
 315:  * @return int
 316:  */
 317:     public function lastInsertId($source = null, $field = 'id') {
 318:         $seq = $this->getSequence($source, $field);
 319:         return $this->_connection->lastInsertId($seq);
 320:     }
 321: 
 322: /**
 323:  * Gets the associated sequence for the given table/field
 324:  *
 325:  * @param string|Model $table Either a full table name (with prefix) as a string, or a model object
 326:  * @param string $field Name of the ID database field. Defaults to "id"
 327:  * @return string The associated sequence name from the sequence map, defaults to "{$table}_{$field}_seq"
 328:  */
 329:     public function getSequence($table, $field = 'id') {
 330:         if (is_object($table)) {
 331:             $table = $this->fullTableName($table, false, false);
 332:         }
 333:         if (!isset($this->_sequenceMap[$table])) {
 334:             $this->describe($table);
 335:         }
 336:         if (isset($this->_sequenceMap[$table][$field])) {
 337:             return $this->_sequenceMap[$table][$field];
 338:         }
 339:         return "{$table}_{$field}_seq";
 340:     }
 341: 
 342: /**
 343:  * Reset a sequence based on the MAX() value of $column. Useful
 344:  * for resetting sequences after using insertMulti().
 345:  *
 346:  * @param string $table The name of the table to update.
 347:  * @param string $column The column to use when resetting the sequence value,
 348:  *   the sequence name will be fetched using Postgres::getSequence();
 349:  * @return bool success.
 350:  */
 351:     public function resetSequence($table, $column) {
 352:         $tableName = $this->fullTableName($table, false, false);
 353:         $fullTable = $this->fullTableName($table);
 354: 
 355:         $sequence = $this->value($this->getSequence($tableName, $column));
 356:         $column = $this->name($column);
 357:         $this->execute("SELECT setval($sequence, (SELECT MAX($column) FROM $fullTable))");
 358:         return true;
 359:     }
 360: 
 361: /**
 362:  * Deletes all the records in a table and drops all associated auto-increment sequences
 363:  *
 364:  * @param string|Model $table A string or model class representing the table to be truncated
 365:  * @param bool $reset true for resetting the sequence, false to leave it as is.
 366:  *    and if 1, sequences are not modified
 367:  * @return bool SQL TRUNCATE TABLE statement, false if not applicable.
 368:  */
 369:     public function truncate($table, $reset = false) {
 370:         $table = $this->fullTableName($table, false, false);
 371:         if (!isset($this->_sequenceMap[$table])) {
 372:             $cache = $this->cacheSources;
 373:             $this->cacheSources = false;
 374:             $this->describe($table);
 375:             $this->cacheSources = $cache;
 376:         }
 377:         if ($this->execute('DELETE FROM ' . $this->fullTableName($table))) {
 378:             if (isset($this->_sequenceMap[$table]) && $reset != true) {
 379:                 foreach ($this->_sequenceMap[$table] as $sequence) {
 380:                     $quoted = $this->name($sequence);
 381:                     $this->_execute("ALTER SEQUENCE {$quoted} RESTART WITH 1");
 382:                 }
 383:             }
 384:             return true;
 385:         }
 386:         return false;
 387:     }
 388: 
 389: /**
 390:  * Prepares field names to be quoted by parent
 391:  *
 392:  * @param string $data The name to format.
 393:  * @return string SQL field
 394:  */
 395:     public function name($data) {
 396:         if (is_string($data)) {
 397:             $data = str_replace('"__"', '__', $data);
 398:         }
 399:         return parent::name($data);
 400:     }
 401: 
 402: /**
 403:  * Generates the fields list of an SQL query.
 404:  *
 405:  * @param Model $model The model to get fields for.
 406:  * @param string $alias Alias table name.
 407:  * @param mixed $fields The list of fields to get.
 408:  * @param bool $quote Whether or not to quote identifiers.
 409:  * @return array
 410:  */
 411:     public function fields(Model $model, $alias = null, $fields = array(), $quote = true) {
 412:         if (empty($alias)) {
 413:             $alias = $model->alias;
 414:         }
 415:         $fields = parent::fields($model, $alias, $fields, false);
 416: 
 417:         if (!$quote) {
 418:             return $fields;
 419:         }
 420:         $count = count($fields);
 421: 
 422:         if ($count >= 1 && !preg_match('/^\s*COUNT\(\*/', $fields[0])) {
 423:             $result = array();
 424:             for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
 425:                 if (!preg_match('/^.+\\(.*\\)/', $fields[$i]) && !preg_match('/\s+AS\s+/', $fields[$i])) {
 426:                     if (substr($fields[$i], -1) === '*') {
 427:                         if (strpos($fields[$i], '.') !== false && $fields[$i] != $alias . '.*') {
 428:                             $build = explode('.', $fields[$i]);
 429:                             $AssociatedModel = $model->{$build[0]};
 430:                         } else {
 431:                             $AssociatedModel = $model;
 432:                         }
 433: 
 434:                         $_fields = $this->fields($AssociatedModel, $AssociatedModel->alias, array_keys($AssociatedModel->schema()));
 435:                         $result = array_merge($result, $_fields);
 436:                         continue;
 437:                     }
 438: 
 439:                     $prepend = '';
 440:                     if (strpos($fields[$i], 'DISTINCT') !== false) {
 441:                         $prepend = 'DISTINCT ';
 442:                         $fields[$i] = trim(str_replace('DISTINCT', '', $fields[$i]));
 443:                     }
 444: 
 445:                     if (strrpos($fields[$i], '.') === false) {
 446:                         $fields[$i] = $prepend . $this->name($alias) . '.' . $this->name($fields[$i]) . ' AS ' . $this->name($alias . '__' . $fields[$i]);
 447:                     } else {
 448:                         $build = explode('.', $fields[$i]);
 449:                         $fields[$i] = $prepend . $this->name($build[0]) . '.' . $this->name($build[1]) . ' AS ' . $this->name($build[0] . '__' . $build[1]);
 450:                     }
 451:                 } else {
 452:                     $fields[$i] = preg_replace_callback('/\(([\s\.\w]+)\)/', array(&$this, '_quoteFunctionField'), $fields[$i]);
 453:                 }
 454:                 $result[] = $fields[$i];
 455:             }
 456:             return $result;
 457:         }
 458:         return $fields;
 459:     }
 460: 
 461: /**
 462:  * Auxiliary function to quote matched `(Model.fields)` from a preg_replace_callback call
 463:  * Quotes the fields in a function call.
 464:  *
 465:  * @param string $match matched string
 466:  * @return string quoted string
 467:  */
 468:     protected function _quoteFunctionField($match) {
 469:         $prepend = '';
 470:         if (strpos($match[1], 'DISTINCT') !== false) {
 471:             $prepend = 'DISTINCT ';
 472:             $match[1] = trim(str_replace('DISTINCT', '', $match[1]));
 473:         }
 474:         $constant = preg_match('/^\d+|NULL|FALSE|TRUE$/i', $match[1]);
 475: 
 476:         if (!$constant && strpos($match[1], '.') === false) {
 477:             $match[1] = $this->name($match[1]);
 478:         } elseif (!$constant) {
 479:             $parts = explode('.', $match[1]);
 480:             if (!Hash::numeric($parts)) {
 481:                 $match[1] = $this->name($match[1]);
 482:             }
 483:         }
 484:         return '(' . $prepend . $match[1] . ')';
 485:     }
 486: 
 487: /**
 488:  * Returns an array of the indexes in given datasource name.
 489:  *
 490:  * @param string $model Name of model to inspect
 491:  * @return array Fields in table. Keys are column and unique
 492:  */
 493:     public function index($model) {
 494:         $index = array();
 495:         $table = $this->fullTableName($model, false, false);
 496:         if ($table) {
 497:             $indexes = $this->query("SELECT c2.relname, i.indisprimary, i.indisunique, i.indisclustered, i.indisvalid, pg_catalog.pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid, 0, true) as statement, c2.reltablespace
 498:             FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c, pg_catalog.pg_class c2, pg_catalog.pg_index i
 499:             WHERE c.oid  = (
 500:                 SELECT c.oid
 501:                 FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
 502:                 WHERE c.relname ~ '^(" . $table . ")$'
 503:                     AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
 504:                     AND n.nspname ~ '^(" . $this->config['schema'] . ")$'
 505:             )
 506:             AND c.oid = i.indrelid AND i.indexrelid = c2.oid
 507:             ORDER BY i.indisprimary DESC, i.indisunique DESC, c2.relname", false);
 508:             foreach ($indexes as $info) {
 509:                 $key = array_pop($info);
 510:                 if ($key['indisprimary']) {
 511:                     $key['relname'] = 'PRIMARY';
 512:                 }
 513:                 preg_match('/\(([^\)]+)\)/', $key['statement'], $indexColumns);
 514:                 $parsedColumn = $indexColumns[1];
 515:                 if (strpos($indexColumns[1], ',') !== false) {
 516:                     $parsedColumn = explode(', ', $indexColumns[1]);
 517:                 }
 518:                 $index[$key['relname']]['unique'] = $key['indisunique'];
 519:                 $index[$key['relname']]['column'] = $parsedColumn;
 520:             }
 521:         }
 522:         return $index;
 523:     }
 524: 
 525: /**
 526:  * Alter the Schema of a table.
 527:  *
 528:  * @param array $compare Results of CakeSchema::compare()
 529:  * @param string $table name of the table
 530:  * @return array
 531:  */
 532:     public function alterSchema($compare, $table = null) {
 533:         if (!is_array($compare)) {
 534:             return false;
 535:         }
 536:         $out = '';
 537:         $colList = array();
 538:         foreach ($compare as $curTable => $types) {
 539:             $indexes = $colList = array();
 540:             if (!$table || $table === $curTable) {
 541:                 $out .= 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->fullTableName($curTable) . " \n";
 542:                 foreach ($types as $type => $column) {
 543:                     if (isset($column['indexes'])) {
 544:                         $indexes[$type] = $column['indexes'];
 545:                         unset($column['indexes']);
 546:                     }
 547:                     switch ($type) {
 548:                         case 'add':
 549:                             foreach ($column as $field => $col) {
 550:                                 $col['name'] = $field;
 551:                                 $colList[] = 'ADD COLUMN ' . $this->buildColumn($col);
 552:                             }
 553:                             break;
 554:                         case 'drop':
 555:                             foreach ($column as $field => $col) {
 556:                                 $col['name'] = $field;
 557:                                 $colList[] = 'DROP COLUMN ' . $this->name($field);
 558:                             }
 559:                             break;
 560:                         case 'change':
 561:                             $schema = $this->describe($curTable);
 562:                             foreach ($column as $field => $col) {
 563:                                 if (!isset($col['name'])) {
 564:                                     $col['name'] = $field;
 565:                                 }
 566:                                 $original = $schema[$field];
 567:                                 $fieldName = $this->name($field);
 568: 
 569:                                 $default = isset($col['default']) ? $col['default'] : null;
 570:                                 $nullable = isset($col['null']) ? $col['null'] : null;
 571:                                 $boolToInt = $original['type'] === 'boolean' && $col['type'] === 'integer';
 572:                                 unset($col['default'], $col['null']);
 573:                                 if ($field !== $col['name']) {
 574:                                     $newName = $this->name($col['name']);
 575:                                     $out .= "\tRENAME {$fieldName} TO {$newName};\n";
 576:                                     $out .= 'ALTER TABLE ' . $this->fullTableName($curTable) . " \n";
 577:                                     $fieldName = $newName;
 578:                                 }
 579: 
 580:                                 if ($boolToInt) {
 581:                                     $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . '  SET DEFAULT NULL';
 582:                                     $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . ' TYPE ' . str_replace(array($fieldName, 'NOT NULL'), '', $this->buildColumn($col)) . ' USING CASE WHEN TRUE THEN 1 ELSE 0 END';
 583:                                 } else {
 584:                                     if ($original['type'] === 'text' && $col['type'] === 'integer') {
 585:                                         $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . ' TYPE ' . str_replace(array($fieldName, 'NOT NULL'), '', $this->buildColumn($col)) . " USING cast({$fieldName} as INTEGER)";
 586:                                     } else {
 587:                                         $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . ' TYPE ' . str_replace(array($fieldName, 'NOT NULL'), '', $this->buildColumn($col));
 588:                                     }
 589:                                 }
 590: 
 591:                                 if (isset($nullable)) {
 592:                                     $nullable = ($nullable) ? 'DROP NOT NULL' : 'SET NOT NULL';
 593:                                     $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . '  ' . $nullable;
 594:                                 }
 595: 
 596:                                 if (isset($default)) {
 597:                                     if (!$boolToInt) {
 598:                                         $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . '  SET DEFAULT ' . $this->value($default, $col['type']);
 599:                                     }
 600:                                 } else {
 601:                                     $colList[] = 'ALTER COLUMN ' . $fieldName . '  DROP DEFAULT';
 602:                                 }
 603: 
 604:                             }
 605:                             break;
 606:                     }
 607:                 }
 608:                 if (isset($indexes['drop']['PRIMARY'])) {
 609:                     $colList[] = 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' . $curTable . '_pkey';
 610:                 }
 611:                 if (isset($indexes['add']['PRIMARY'])) {
 612:                     $cols = $indexes['add']['PRIMARY']['column'];
 613:                     if (is_array($cols)) {
 614:                         $cols = implode(', ', $cols);
 615:                     }
 616:                     $colList[] = 'ADD PRIMARY KEY (' . $cols . ')';
 617:                 }
 618: 
 619:                 if (!empty($colList)) {
 620:                     $out .= "\t" . implode(",\n\t", $colList) . ";\n\n";
 621:                 } else {
 622:                     $out = '';
 623:                 }
 624:                 $out .= implode(";\n\t", $this->_alterIndexes($curTable, $indexes));
 625:             }
 626:         }
 627:         return $out;
 628:     }
 629: 
 630: /**
 631:  * Generate PostgreSQL index alteration statements for a table.
 632:  *
 633:  * @param string $table Table to alter indexes for
 634:  * @param array $indexes Indexes to add and drop
 635:  * @return array Index alteration statements
 636:  */
 637:     protected function _alterIndexes($table, $indexes) {
 638:         $alter = array();
 639:         if (isset($indexes['drop'])) {
 640:             foreach ($indexes['drop'] as $name => $value) {
 641:                 $out = 'DROP ';
 642:                 if ($name === 'PRIMARY') {
 643:                     continue;
 644:                 } else {
 645:                     $out .= 'INDEX ' . $name;
 646:                 }
 647:                 $alter[] = $out;
 648:             }
 649:         }
 650:         if (isset($indexes['add'])) {
 651:             foreach ($indexes['add'] as $name => $value) {
 652:                 $out = 'CREATE ';
 653:                 if ($name === 'PRIMARY') {
 654:                     continue;
 655:                 } else {
 656:                     if (!empty($value['unique'])) {
 657:                         $out .= 'UNIQUE ';
 658:                     }
 659:                     $out .= 'INDEX ';
 660:                 }
 661:                 if (is_array($value['column'])) {
 662:                     $out .= $name . ' ON ' . $table . ' (' . implode(', ', array_map(array(&$this, 'name'), $value['column'])) . ')';
 663:                 } else {
 664:                     $out .= $name . ' ON ' . $table . ' (' . $this->name($value['column']) . ')';
 665:                 }
 666:                 $alter[] = $out;
 667:             }
 668:         }
 669:         return $alter;
 670:     }
 671: 
 672: /**
 673:  * Returns a limit statement in the correct format for the particular database.
 674:  *
 675:  * @param int $limit Limit of results returned
 676:  * @param int $offset Offset from which to start results
 677:  * @return string SQL limit/offset statement
 678:  */
 679:     public function limit($limit, $offset = null) {
 680:         if ($limit) {
 681:             $rt = sprintf(' LIMIT %u', $limit);
 682:             if ($offset) {
 683:                 $rt .= sprintf(' OFFSET %u', $offset);
 684:             }
 685:             return $rt;
 686:         }
 687:         return null;
 688:     }
 689: 
 690: /**
 691:  * Converts database-layer column types to basic types
 692:  *
 693:  * @param string $real Real database-layer column type (i.e. "varchar(255)")
 694:  * @return string Abstract column type (i.e. "string")
 695:  */
 696:     public function column($real) {
 697:         if (is_array($real)) {
 698:             $col = $real['name'];
 699:             if (isset($real['limit'])) {
 700:                 $col .= '(' . $real['limit'] . ')';
 701:             }
 702:             return $col;
 703:         }
 704: 
 705:         $col = str_replace(')', '', $real);
 706: 
 707:         if (strpos($col, '(') !== false) {
 708:             list($col, $limit) = explode('(', $col);
 709:         }
 710: 
 711:         $floats = array(
 712:             'float', 'float4', 'float8', 'double', 'double precision', 'real'
 713:         );
 714: 
 715:         switch (true) {
 716:             case (in_array($col, array('date', 'time', 'inet', 'boolean'))):
 717:                 return $col;
 718:             case (strpos($col, 'timestamp') !== false):
 719:                 return 'datetime';
 720:             case (strpos($col, 'time') === 0):
 721:                 return 'time';
 722:             case ($col === 'bigint'):
 723:                 return 'biginteger';
 724:             case (strpos($col, 'int') !== false && $col !== 'interval'):
 725:                 return 'integer';
 726:             case (strpos($col, 'char') !== false):
 727:                 return 'string';
 728:             case (strpos($col, 'uuid') !== false):
 729:                 return 'uuid';
 730:             case (strpos($col, 'text') !== false):
 731:                 return 'text';
 732:             case (strpos($col, 'bytea') !== false):
 733:                 return 'binary';
 734:             case ($col === 'decimal' || $col === 'numeric'):
 735:                 return 'decimal';
 736:             case (in_array($col, $floats)):
 737:                 return 'float';
 738:             default:
 739:                 return 'text';
 740:         }
 741:     }
 742: 
 743: /**
 744:  * Gets the length of a database-native column description, or null if no length
 745:  *
 746:  * @param string $real Real database-layer column type (i.e. "varchar(255)")
 747:  * @return int An integer representing the length of the column
 748:  */
 749:     public function length($real) {
 750:         $col = $real;
 751:         if (strpos($real, '(') !== false) {
 752:             list($col, $limit) = explode('(', $real);
 753:         }
 754:         if ($col === 'uuid') {
 755:             return 36;
 756:         }
 757:         return parent::length($real);
 758:     }
 759: 
 760: /**
 761:  * resultSet method
 762:  *
 763:  * @param array &$results The results
 764:  * @return void
 765:  */
 766:     public function resultSet(&$results) {
 767:         $this->map = array();
 768:         $numFields = $results->columnCount();
 769:         $index = 0;
 770:         $j = 0;
 771: 
 772:         while ($j < $numFields) {
 773:             $column = $results->getColumnMeta($j);
 774:             if (strpos($column['name'], '__')) {
 775:                 list($table, $name) = explode('__', $column['name']);
 776:                 $this->map[$index++] = array($table, $name, $column['native_type']);
 777:             } else {
 778:                 $this->map[$index++] = array(0, $column['name'], $column['native_type']);
 779:             }
 780:             $j++;
 781:         }
 782:     }
 783: 
 784: /**
 785:  * Fetches the next row from the current result set
 786:  *
 787:  * @return array
 788:  */
 789:     public function fetchResult() {
 790:         if ($row = $this->_result->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM)) {
 791:             $resultRow = array();
 792: 
 793:             foreach ($this->map as $index => $meta) {
 794:                 list($table, $column, $type) = $meta;
 795: 
 796:                 switch ($type) {
 797:                     case 'bool':
 798:                         $resultRow[$table][$column] = $row[$index] === null ? null : $this->boolean($row[$index]);
 799:                         break;
 800:                     case 'binary':
 801:                     case 'bytea':
 802:                         $resultRow[$table][$column] = $row[$index] === null ? null : stream_get_contents($row[$index]);
 803:                         break;
 804:                     default:
 805:                         $resultRow[$table][$column] = $row[$index];
 806:                 }
 807:             }
 808:             return $resultRow;
 809:         }
 810:         $this->_result->closeCursor();
 811:         return false;
 812:     }
 813: 
 814: /**
 815:  * Translates between PHP boolean values and PostgreSQL boolean values
 816:  *
 817:  * @param mixed $data Value to be translated
 818:  * @param bool $quote true to quote a boolean to be used in a query, false to return the boolean value
 819:  * @return bool Converted boolean value
 820:  */
 821:     public function boolean($data, $quote = false) {
 822:         switch (true) {
 823:             case ($data === true || $data === false):
 824:                 $result = $data;
 825:                 break;
 826:             case ($data === 't' || $data === 'f'):
 827:                 $result = ($data === 't');
 828:                 break;
 829:             case ($data === 'true' || $data === 'false'):
 830:                 $result = ($data === 'true');
 831:                 break;
 832:             case ($data === 'TRUE' || $data === 'FALSE'):
 833:                 $result = ($data === 'TRUE');
 834:                 break;
 835:             default:
 836:                 $result = (bool)$data;
 837:         }
 838: 
 839:         if ($quote) {
 840:             return ($result) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
 841:         }
 842:         return (bool)$result;
 843:     }
 844: 
 845: /**
 846:  * Sets the database encoding
 847:  *
 848:  * @param mixed $enc Database encoding
 849:  * @return bool True on success, false on failure
 850:  */
 851:     public function setEncoding($enc) {
 852:         return $this->_execute('SET NAMES ' . $this->value($enc)) !== false;
 853:     }
 854: 
 855: /**
 856:  * Gets the database encoding
 857:  *
 858:  * @return string The database encoding
 859:  */
 860:     public function getEncoding() {
 861:         $result = $this->_execute('SHOW client_encoding')->fetch();
 862:         if ($result === false) {
 863:             return false;
 864:         }
 865:         return (isset($result['client_encoding'])) ? $result['client_encoding'] : false;
 866:     }
 867: 
 868: /**
 869:  * Generate a Postgres-native column schema string
 870:  *
 871:  * @param array $column An array structured like the following:
 872:  *                      array('name'=>'value', 'type'=>'value'[, options]),
 873:  *                      where options can be 'default', 'length', or 'key'.
 874:  * @return string
 875:  */
 876:     public function buildColumn($column) {
 877:         $col = $this->columns[$column['type']];
 878:         if (!isset($col['length']) && !isset($col['limit'])) {
 879:             unset($column['length']);
 880:         }
 881:         $out = parent::buildColumn($column);
 882: 
 883:         $out = preg_replace(
 884:             '/integer\([0-9]+\)/',
 885:             'integer',
 886:             $out
 887:         );
 888:         $out = preg_replace(
 889:             '/bigint\([0-9]+\)/',
 890:             'bigint',
 891:             $out
 892:         );
 893: 
 894:         $out = str_replace('integer serial', 'serial', $out);
 895:         $out = str_replace('bigint serial', 'bigserial', $out);
 896:         if (strpos($out, 'timestamp DEFAULT')) {
 897:             if (isset($column['null']) && $column['null']) {
 898:                 $out = str_replace('DEFAULT NULL', '', $out);
 899:             } else {
 900:                 $out = str_replace('DEFAULT NOT NULL', '', $out);
 901:             }
 902:         }
 903:         if (strpos($out, 'DEFAULT DEFAULT')) {
 904:             if (isset($column['null']) && $column['null']) {
 905:                 $out = str_replace('DEFAULT DEFAULT', 'DEFAULT NULL', $out);
 906:             } elseif (in_array($column['type'], array('integer', 'float'))) {
 907:                 $out = str_replace('DEFAULT DEFAULT', 'DEFAULT 0', $out);
 908:             } elseif ($column['type'] === 'boolean') {
 909:                 $out = str_replace('DEFAULT DEFAULT', 'DEFAULT FALSE', $out);
 910:             }
 911:         }
 912:         return $out;
 913:     }
 914: 
 915: /**
 916:  * Format indexes for create table
 917:  *
 918:  * @param array $indexes The index to build
 919:  * @param string $table The table name.
 920:  * @return string
 921:  */
 922:     public function buildIndex($indexes, $table = null) {
 923:         $join = array();
 924:         if (!is_array($indexes)) {
 925:             return array();
 926:         }
 927:         foreach ($indexes as $name => $value) {
 928:             if ($name === 'PRIMARY') {
 929:                 $out = 'PRIMARY KEY  (' . $this->name($value['column']) . ')';
 930:             } else {
 931:                 $out = 'CREATE ';
 932:                 if (!empty($value['unique'])) {
 933:                     $out .= 'UNIQUE ';
 934:                 }
 935:                 if (is_array($value['column'])) {
 936:                     $value['column'] = implode(', ', array_map(array(&$this, 'name'), $value['column']));
 937:                 } else {
 938:                     $value['column'] = $this->name($value['column']);
 939:                 }
 940:                 $out .= "INDEX {$name} ON {$table}({$value['column']});";
 941:             }
 942:             $join[] = $out;
 943:         }
 944:         return $join;
 945:     }
 946: 
 947: /**
 948:  * {@inheritDoc}
 949:  */
 950:     public function value($data, $column = null, $null = true) {
 951:         $value = parent::value($data, $column, $null);
 952:         if ($column === 'uuid' && is_scalar($data) && $data === '') {
 953:             return 'NULL';
 954:         }
 955:         return $value;
 956:     }
 957: 
 958: /**
 959:  * Overrides DboSource::renderStatement to handle schema generation with Postgres-style indexes
 960:  *
 961:  * @param string $type The query type.
 962:  * @param array $data The array of data to render.
 963:  * @return string
 964:  */
 965:     public function renderStatement($type, $data) {
 966:         switch (strtolower($type)) {
 967:             case 'schema':
 968:                 extract($data);
 969: 
 970:                 foreach ($indexes as $i => $index) {
 971:                     if (preg_match('/PRIMARY KEY/', $index)) {
 972:                         unset($indexes[$i]);
 973:                         $columns[] = $index;
 974:                         break;
 975:                     }
 976:                 }
 977:                 $join = array('columns' => ",\n\t", 'indexes' => "\n");
 978: 
 979:                 foreach (array('columns', 'indexes') as $var) {
 980:                     if (is_array(${$var})) {
 981:                         ${$var} = implode($join[$var], array_filter(${$var}));
 982:                     }
 983:                 }
 984:                 return "CREATE TABLE {$table} (\n\t{$columns}\n);\n{$indexes}";
 985:             default:
 986:                 return parent::renderStatement($type, $data);
 987:         }
 988:     }
 989: 
 990: /**
 991:  * Gets the schema name
 992:  *
 993:  * @return string The schema name
 994:  */
 995:     public function getSchemaName() {
 996:         return $this->config['schema'];
 997:     }
 998: 
 999: /**
1000:  * Check if the server support nested transactions
1001:  *
1002:  * @return bool
1003:  */
1004:     public function nestedTransactionSupported() {
1005:         return $this->useNestedTransactions && version_compare($this->getVersion(), '8.0', '>=');
1006:     }
1007: 
1008: }
1009: