Class QueryExpression
Represents a SQL Query expression. Internally it stores a tree of expressions that can be compiled by converting this object to string and will contain a correctly parenthesized and nested expression.
Property Summary
-
$_conditions protected
array
A list of strings or other expression objects that represent the "branches" of the expression tree. For example one key of the array might look like "sum > :value"
-
$_conjunction protected
string
String to be used for joining each of the internal expressions this object internally stores for example "AND", "OR", etc.
-
$_typeMap protected
Cake\Database\TypeMap
Method Summary
-
__call() public
Helps calling the
and()
andor()
methods transparently. -
__clone() public
Clone this object and its subtree of expressions.
-
__construct() public
Constructor. A new expression object can be created without any params and be built dynamically. Otherwise it is possible to pass an array of conditions containing either a tree-like array structure to be parsed and/or other expression objects. Optionally, you can set the conjunction keyword to be used for joining each part of this level of the expression tree.
-
_addConditions() protected
Auxiliary function used for decomposing a nested array of conditions and build a tree structure inside this object to represent the full SQL expression. String conditions are stored directly in the conditions, while any other representation is wrapped around an adequate instance or of this class.
-
_calculateType() protected
Returns the type name for the passed field if it was stored in the typeMap
-
_parseCondition() protected
Parses a string conditions by trying to extract the operator inside it if any and finally returning either an adequate QueryExpression object or a plain string representation of the condition. This function is responsible for generating the placeholders and replacing the values by them, while storing the value elsewhere for future binding.
-
add() public
Adds one or more conditions to this expression object. Conditions can be expressed in a one dimensional array, that will cause all conditions to be added directly at this level of the tree or they can be nested arbitrarily making it create more expression objects that will be nested inside and configured to use the specified conjunction.
-
addCase() public
Adds a new case expression to the expression object
-
and() public @method
-
and_() public
Returns a new QueryExpression object containing all the conditions passed and set up the conjunction to be "AND"
-
between() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field BETWEEN from AND to".
-
count() public
Returns the number of internal conditions that are stored in this expression. Useful to determine if this expression object is void or it will generate a non-empty string when compiled
-
defaultTypes() public deprecated
Allows setting default types when chaining query
-
eq() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field = value".
-
equalFields() public
Builds equal condition or assignment with identifier wrapping.
-
exists() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "EXISTS (...)".
-
getConjunction() public
Gets the currently configured conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree.
-
getDefaultTypes() public
Gets default types of current type map.
-
getTypeMap() public
Returns the existing type map.
-
gt() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field > value".
-
gte() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field >= value".
-
hasNestedExpression() public
Returns true if this expression contains any other nested ExpressionInterface objects
-
in() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IN (value1, value2)".
-
isCallable() public
Check whether or not a callable is acceptable.
-
isNotNull() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IS NOT NULL".
-
isNull() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IS NULL".
-
iterateParts() public
Executes a callable function for each of the parts that form this expression.
-
like() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field LIKE value".
-
lt() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field < value".
-
lte() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field <= value".
-
not() public
Adds a new set of conditions to this level of the tree and negates the final result by prepending a NOT, it will look like "NOT ( (condition1) AND (conditions2) )" conjunction depends on the one currently configured for this object.
-
notEq() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field != value".
-
notExists() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "NOT EXISTS (...)".
-
notIn() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field NOT IN (value1, value2)".
-
notLike() public
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field NOT LIKE value".
-
or() public @method
-
or_() public
Returns a new QueryExpression object containing all the conditions passed and set up the conjunction to be "OR"
-
setConjunction() public
Changes the conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree.
-
setDefaultTypes() public
Overwrite the default type mappings for fields in the implementing object.
-
setTypeMap() public
Creates a new TypeMap if $typeMap is an array, otherwise exchanges it for the given one.
-
sql() public
Returns the string representation of this object so that it can be used in a SQL query. Note that values condition values are not included in the string, in their place placeholders are put and can be replaced by the quoted values accordingly.
-
tieWith() public deprecated
Changes the conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree. If called with no arguments it will return the currently configured value.
-
traverse() public
Traverses the tree structure of this query expression by executing a callback function for each of the conditions that are included in this object. Useful for compiling the final expression, or doing introspection in the structure.
-
type() public deprecated
Backwards compatible wrapper for tieWith()
-
typeMap() public deprecated
Creates a new TypeMap if $typeMap is an array, otherwise returns the existing type map or exchanges it for the given one.
Method Detail
__call() ¶ public
__call(string $method, array $args): Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
Helps calling the and()
and or()
methods transparently.
Parameters
-
string
$method The method name.
-
array
$args The arguments to pass to the method.
Returns
Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
Throws
BadMethodCallException
__construct() ¶ public
__construct(string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions = [], array|Cake\Database\TypeMap $types = [], string $conjunction = 'AND')
Constructor. A new expression object can be created without any params and be built dynamically. Otherwise it is possible to pass an array of conditions containing either a tree-like array structure to be parsed and/or other expression objects. Optionally, you can set the conjunction keyword to be used for joining each part of this level of the expression tree.
Parameters
-
string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions optional tree-like array structure containing all the conditions to be added or nested inside this expression object.
-
array|Cake\Database\TypeMap
$types optional associative array of types to be associated with the values passed in $conditions.
-
string
$conjunction optional the glue that will join all the string conditions at this level of the expression tree. For example "AND", "OR", "XOR"...
See Also
_addConditions() ¶ protected
_addConditions(array $conditions, array $types): void
Auxiliary function used for decomposing a nested array of conditions and build a tree structure inside this object to represent the full SQL expression. String conditions are stored directly in the conditions, while any other representation is wrapped around an adequate instance or of this class.
Parameters
-
array
$conditions list of conditions to be stored in this object
-
array
$types list of types associated on fields referenced in $conditions
Returns
void
_calculateType() ¶ protected
_calculateType(string|Cake\Database\Expression\IdentifierExpression $field): string|null
Returns the type name for the passed field if it was stored in the typeMap
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\Expression\IdentifierExpression
$field The field name to get a type for.
Returns
string|null
_parseCondition() ¶ protected
_parseCondition(string $field, mixed $value): string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
Parses a string conditions by trying to extract the operator inside it if any and finally returning either an adequate QueryExpression object or a plain string representation of the condition. This function is responsible for generating the placeholders and replacing the values by them, while storing the value elsewhere for future binding.
Parameters
-
string
$field The value from with the actual field and operator will be extracted.
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to a placeholder for the field
Returns
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
add() ¶ public
add(string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions, array $types = []): $this
Adds one or more conditions to this expression object. Conditions can be expressed in a one dimensional array, that will cause all conditions to be added directly at this level of the tree or they can be nested arbitrarily making it create more expression objects that will be nested inside and configured to use the specified conjunction.
If the type passed for any of the fields is expressed "type[]" (note braces) then it will cause the placeholder to be re-written dynamically so if the value is an array, it will create as many placeholders as values are in it.
Parameters
-
string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions single or multiple conditions to be added. When using an array and the key is 'OR' or 'AND' a new expression object will be created with that conjunction and internal array value passed as conditions.
-
array
$types optional associative array of fields pointing to the type of the values that are being passed. Used for correctly binding values to statements.
Returns
$this
See Also
addCase() ¶ public
addCase(array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions, array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $values = [], array $types = []): $this
Adds a new case expression to the expression object
Parameters
-
array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions The conditions to test. Must be a ExpressionInterface instance, or an array of ExpressionInterface instances.
-
array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$values optional associative array of values to be associated with the conditions passed in $conditions. If there are more $values than $conditions, the last $value is used as the
ELSE
value-
array
$types optional associative array of types to be associated with the values passed in $values
Returns
$this
and() ¶ public @method
and(callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions): $this
Parameters
-
callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions
Returns
$this
and_() ¶ public
and_(callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions, array $types = []): Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
Returns a new QueryExpression object containing all the conditions passed and set up the conjunction to be "AND"
Parameters
-
callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions to be joined with AND
-
array
$types optional associative array of fields pointing to the type of the values that are being passed. Used for correctly binding values to statements.
Returns
Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
between() ¶ public
between(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $from, mixed $to, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field BETWEEN from AND to".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field The field name to compare for values in between the range.
-
mixed
$from The initial value of the range.
-
mixed
$to The ending value in the comparison range.
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
count() ¶ public
count(): int
Returns the number of internal conditions that are stored in this expression. Useful to determine if this expression object is void or it will generate a non-empty string when compiled
Returns
int
defaultTypes() ¶ public
defaultTypes(array|null $types = null): $this|array
Allows setting default types when chaining query
Parameters
-
array|null
$types optional The array of types to set.
Returns
$this|array
eq() ¶ public
eq(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field = value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map. If it is suffixed with "[]" and the value is an array then multiple placeholders will be created, one per each value in the array.
Returns
$this
equalFields() ¶ public
equalFields(string $left, string $right): $this
Builds equal condition or assignment with identifier wrapping.
Parameters
-
string
$left Left join condition field name.
-
string
$right Right join condition field name.
Returns
$this
exists() ¶ public
exists(Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $query): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "EXISTS (...)".
Parameters
-
Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$query the inner query
Returns
$this
getConjunction() ¶ public
getConjunction(): string
Gets the currently configured conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree.
Returns
string
getDefaultTypes() ¶ public
getDefaultTypes(): array
Gets default types of current type map.
Returns
array
getTypeMap() ¶ public
getTypeMap(): Cake\Database\TypeMap
Returns the existing type map.
Returns
Cake\Database\TypeMap
gt() ¶ public
gt(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field > value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
gte() ¶ public
gte(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field >= value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
hasNestedExpression() ¶ public
hasNestedExpression(): bool
Returns true if this expression contains any other nested ExpressionInterface objects
Returns
bool
in() ¶ public
in(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, string|array $values, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IN (value1, value2)".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
string|array
$values the value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
isCallable() ¶ public
isCallable(callable $c): bool
Check whether or not a callable is acceptable.
We don't accept ['class', 'method'] style callbacks, as they often contain user input and arrays of strings are easy to sneak in.
Parameters
-
callable
$c The callable to check.
Returns
bool
isNotNull() ¶ public
isNotNull(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IS NOT NULL".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field database field to be tested for not null
Returns
$this
isNull() ¶ public
isNull(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field IS NULL".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field database field to be tested for null
Returns
$this
iterateParts() ¶ public
iterateParts(callable $callable): $this
Executes a callable function for each of the parts that form this expression.
The callable function is required to return a value with which the currently visited part will be replaced. If the callable function returns null then the part will be discarded completely from this expression.
The callback function will receive each of the conditions as first param and the key as second param. It is possible to declare the second parameter as passed by reference, this will enable you to change the key under which the modified part is stored.
Parameters
-
callable
$callable The callable to apply to each part.
Returns
$this
like() ¶ public
like(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field LIKE value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
lt() ¶ public
lt(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field < value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
lte() ¶ public
lte(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field <= value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
not() ¶ public
not(string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions, array $types = []): $this
Adds a new set of conditions to this level of the tree and negates the final result by prepending a NOT, it will look like "NOT ( (condition1) AND (conditions2) )" conjunction depends on the one currently configured for this object.
Parameters
-
string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions to be added and negated
-
array
$types optional associative array of fields pointing to the type of the values that are being passed. Used for correctly binding values to statements.
Returns
$this
notEq() ¶ public
notEq(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field != value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map. If it is suffixed with "[]" and the value is an array then multiple placeholders will be created, one per each value in the array.
Returns
$this
notExists() ¶ public
notExists(Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $query): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "NOT EXISTS (...)".
Parameters
-
Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$query the inner query
Returns
$this
notIn() ¶ public
notIn(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, array $values, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field NOT IN (value1, value2)".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
array
$values the value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
notLike() ¶ public
notLike(string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $field, mixed $value, string|null $type = null): $this
Adds a new condition to the expression object in the form "field NOT LIKE value".
Parameters
-
string|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$field Database field to be compared against value
-
mixed
$value The value to be bound to $field for comparison
-
string|null
$type optional the type name for $value as configured using the Type map.
Returns
$this
or() ¶ public @method
or(callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions): $this
Parameters
-
callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions
Returns
$this
or_() ¶ public
or_(callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface $conditions, array $types = []): Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
Returns a new QueryExpression object containing all the conditions passed and set up the conjunction to be "OR"
Parameters
-
callable|string|array|Cake\Database\ExpressionInterface
$conditions to be joined with OR
-
array
$types optional associative array of fields pointing to the type of the values that are being passed. Used for correctly binding values to statements.
Returns
Cake\Database\Expression\QueryExpression
setConjunction() ¶ public
setConjunction(string $conjunction): $this
Changes the conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree.
Parameters
-
string
$conjunction Value to be used for joining conditions
Returns
$this
setDefaultTypes() ¶ public
setDefaultTypes(array $types): $this
Overwrite the default type mappings for fields in the implementing object.
This method is useful if you need to set type mappings that are shared across multiple functions/expressions in a query.
To add a default without overwriting existing ones
use getTypeMap()->addDefaults()
Parameters
-
array
$types The array of types to set.
Returns
$this
See Also
setTypeMap() ¶ public
setTypeMap(array|Cake\Database\TypeMap $typeMap): $this
Creates a new TypeMap if $typeMap is an array, otherwise exchanges it for the given one.
Parameters
-
array|Cake\Database\TypeMap
$typeMap Creates a TypeMap if array, otherwise sets the given TypeMap
Returns
$this
sql() ¶ public
sql(Cake\Database\ValueBinder $generator): string
Returns the string representation of this object so that it can be used in a SQL query. Note that values condition values are not included in the string, in their place placeholders are put and can be replaced by the quoted values accordingly.
Parameters
-
Cake\Database\ValueBinder
$generator Placeholder generator object
Returns
string
tieWith() ¶ public
tieWith(string|null $conjunction = null): string|$this
Changes the conjunction for the conditions at this level of the expression tree. If called with no arguments it will return the currently configured value.
Parameters
-
string|null
$conjunction optional value to be used for joining conditions. If null it will not set any value, but return the currently stored one
Returns
string|$this
traverse() ¶ public
traverse(callable $visitor): void
Traverses the tree structure of this query expression by executing a callback function for each of the conditions that are included in this object. Useful for compiling the final expression, or doing introspection in the structure.
Callback function receives as only argument an instance of ExpressionInterface
Parameters
-
callable
$visitor The callable to apply to all sub-expressions.
Returns
void
type() ¶ public
type(string|null $conjunction = null): string|$this
Backwards compatible wrapper for tieWith()
Parameters
-
string|null
$conjunction optional value to be used for joining conditions. If null it will not set any value, but return the currently stored one
Returns
string|$this
typeMap() ¶ public
typeMap(array|Cake\Database\TypeMap|null $typeMap = null): $this|Cake\Database\TypeMap
Creates a new TypeMap if $typeMap is an array, otherwise returns the existing type map or exchanges it for the given one.
Parameters
-
array|Cake\Database\TypeMap|null
$typeMap optional Creates a TypeMap if array, otherwise sets the given TypeMap
Returns
$this|Cake\Database\TypeMap
Property Detail
$_conditions ¶ protected
A list of strings or other expression objects that represent the "branches" of the expression tree. For example one key of the array might look like "sum > :value"
Type
array
$_conjunction ¶ protected
String to be used for joining each of the internal expressions this object internally stores for example "AND", "OR", etc.
Type
string